Common Sense vs Sociological Sense Essay - 1574 Words

A wide range of people all over the world inaccurately come to the conclusion that sociology is merely, ‘the study of the obvious’ and the application of common sense, this statement could not be further from the truth. Common sense derives from statements such as, ‘opposites attract’, however the Sociological sense takes this belief and carries out numerous tests to discover whether it is fact, or fiction. Bauman regards common sense knowledge and common sense understandings as powerful social mechanisms which can fundamentally shape attitudes about the world in which humans live. Sociology is the ‘social science’ that studies human behaviour and characteristics based on their development within society. Common sense however is, what a†¦show more content†¦The first article determined whether education played a vital role in religion in Scotland, whereas the second article attempted to present a connection between educational attainmen t and cultural capital. I summarised the articles in the hope that they would provide me with a wider understanding of education in a sociological sense as opposed to my original common sense. I came to the conclusion that sociology plays a key role in my everyday life that I was particularly unaware of due to the fact that I had been raised in an environment that revolved around the concept of common sense. My knowledge on education when looking at it in a sociological sense has deepened and I became more aware of the role that education played in topics I never paired it with. For example, prior to reading the article involving religion and education, I had never thought of religion aiding my educational credentials. I had also never looked at cultural capital and how that the lack of awareness of certain aspects of culture could hinder my educational credentials and therefore my occupational desires. I also read a further article from a sociology journal that attempted to examine educations role in sociology. The article I found focuses on the indirect link between education and economic, political and social change within the development of underdeveloped countries. The article attempts to determine how focusing on education may be hindering the development ofShow MoreRelatedTheoretical Frameworks Of Sociology And Sociological Perspective Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesand how they study it. In this essay, I will be discussing theoretical frameworks of sociology; what is sociological perspective, how sociology differs from other disciplines such as history, anthropology or psychology, and how are sociological paradigms are used as ‘tools of the sociologist’ in their analyses of human societies. Firstly, what is sociological perspective? The sociological perspective is the point of view on human behaviour and how society influences people, and vice versa. TypicallyRead MoreThe Theory Of Behaviorism Operant Conditioning993 Words   |  4 Pageswhether the behavior is ‘gender appropriate’ or not but there are a number of processes that make it more likely that a child will reproduce the behavior that its society deems appropriate for its sex . Therein lies the social learning theory of Bandura vs operant conditioning as Skinner believes. Both theories are pivotal in my area of study which is behavioral psychology, with a concentration in Terrorism and Security. The theory of operant conditioning is closely related to how a terrorist wouldRead MoreAnalysis Of Dalton Conley s You May Ask Yourself 1267 Words   |  6 PagesConley’s book, You May Ask Yourself, defines sociological imagination as, â€Å"The ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual’s life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces† (Conley 2015, pg. A-11). Sociological Imagination is the idea of being able to step outside of the box, and evaluate society from an alternative point of view. Symbolic Interactionism, norms, socialization, and the idea of understanding yourself vs. understanding the social aspect of societyRead MoreThe Black Lives Matter Movement1431 Words   |  6 PagesSocial movements often highlight the unique sociological imagination that individuals have in regards to history. These movements call for the recognition of historical consciousness by the masses. Often times because of the pure nature of social protests, people believe that the outcries by groups are in relation to specific moments, however social movements are not moments, but movements that occur in relation to moments that are often overseen and highlight oppression. The Black Lives Matter movementRead MoreThe Changes Experienced in Adolescence, Adulthood, and Midlife696 Words   |  3 PagesThere are a number of changes one experiences as one moves from adolescence to adulthood o midlife. For instance, as an adolescent, one behavior that was common to me, as it is to most adolescents, was the desire to test the limits. This is the parental balance that comes with temperament and experience how to set limits and guidelines while, at the same time, allowing the teen to make their own mistakes and constructively learn from those errors in judgement. Then, as we grow into adulthood, thereRead MoreWant Versus Need: Why is Humanity so Greedy?1691 Words   |  7 Pagesthat we have the desire to provide for our family and ourselves. Greed usually has a bad connotation; it is not always an excessive reaction to an excessive problem. Taflinger says that Greed is necessary in our culture to a certain extent (â€Å"The Sociological Basis of Greed† 1). Every person needs some degree of greed to survive (â€Å"I Want It, I Want It Now† 1). Once we fulfill our basic needs, we search for a way to fulfill our wants. We have such a surplus of resources that often times our wants getRead MoreThe Minorities Vs. Entertainment War Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesThe Minorities vs. Entertainment War The argument I plan to use is a battle between ethnicities and the entertainment companies that is transparent to the naked eye in the 21st century, the argument I plan to use is: the media and film industries are required to portray each minority fairly without racially profiling any ethnicity but does not stay accountable to their word and actions. Throughout the generation, entertainment has been an activity which provides diversion and permits people to amuseRead MoreThe Minorities Vs. Entertainment War868 Words   |  4 PagesThe Minorities vs. Entertainment War The argument I plan to use is a battle between ethnicities and the entertainment companies that is transparent to the naked eye in the 21st century, the argument I plan to use is: the media and film industries are required to portray each minority fairly without racially profiling any ethnicity but turns a blind side to the current situation. Throughout the generation, entertainment has been an activity which provides diversion and permits people to amuse themselvesRead MoreMedia and Cultural Influences on Sexual Orientation1097 Words   |  4 Pagesprior deviant behavior is now approved of. It may even be positively projected in the media, congratulating those who take part or are associated with that group. Section 2 (4-5 pages): Your Sociological Imagination and Research Proposal (Currently known info vs. want to know). State a sociological research question. As largely influential as media and culture are in today’s society, is it possible that they could have an influence on an individual’s sexual orientation? Create a hypothesisRead MoreSocial Constructionism And Biological Determinism1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe ideology that gender is socially constructed is a view that has been present in a number of philosophical, sociological and psychological theories. This view shares an understanding that gender is a product of enculturation through a prescribed ideal, as well as determines what is considered socially appropriate behaviour for a person of a specific gender. Society is shaped globally through social order. Each culture and society share a social order that is defined as a particular set of customs

Futronics Case - 949 Words

Introduction Background of the Case FUTRONICS Inc. is a private company located in Lexington mainly categorized for modems, monitors, disk drives and terminals. It is moreover in to sales and services. This case is about the replacement of Futronics’s central office stores by an outside service provider. In this case supply management manager have an opportunity for investigating selected outsourcing in-house services. Cost Status of the Company Description | Making Cost in Total | Buying cost in Total | Size of company: Raw | 2 Billion Dollar | | Cost of Goods sold | $ 900,000 | | Average Inventory (500 items in stocks) | $ 140,000 | | Cost of Personnel and Space | $ 200,000 | | Period of performance (Time†¦show more content†¦But there is always a fear that what happens next. How would be the response from the consumer and stakeholders? Since now the company has become dependent, what would be the level of trust? Annex 1: Comparative Evaluation Sheet for Selecting Vendor Evaluation Criteria | Company Name | | Litton | Boise-Cascade | L.E. Muran | Bay State Office | New England | Total Score | Weighted Score | Sample Catalogues | | | | | | | | Price List | | | | | | | | Ranges of costs for certain delivery | | | | | | | | Contract Term – 3 year | | | | | | | | Order Cycle Times – 10 Working days | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Levels:5 – Execellant4- Good3- Average2 – Fair1 – Not Satisfactory | The Report After analyzing all these risks and criteria Id like to present some points to demonstrate why we should go for outsourcing: * Closing stores operation the labour cost (4 employees) and space can provide $200,000 savings per year. * The employees can be allocated to another area or retired. I recommend one of them to work supporting with the contract management and for this job the disability worker can be

How Ge Is Disrupting Itself Free Essays

How GE is disrupting itself? Executive summary Though having been launching products in emerging markets for few decades, GE’s leaders realized that it is vital to change their business model not only to reach their full potential growth but also for defensive reasons. Authors called the progress used to complete that task reverse innovation. Reverse innovation is all about decentralization and local market focus such as local based and managed market, which is believed to be able to make GE more successful in developing countries. We will write a custom essay sample on How Ge Is Disrupting Itself or any similar topic only for you Order Now However it is completely opposite to globalization that created unsolved conflicts between two strategies. In this article authors will reveal to us what GE did to overcome these conflicts. In the realization that emerging markets are very different to markets in developed countries, they realized the necessity of adjusting the business model to adapt to the new environments, which may lead to two core assumptions: * Emerging economics will largely evolve in the same way that wealthy economics did. Products that address developing countries, special needs can’t be sold in developed countries because they are not good enough to compete there. However research and analysis over India’s markets gave us the different results. It is reported that emerging market could develop even greater than in developed countries because of their great willingness to adopt new innovations. And on the contrary products that have been launched in emerging market could possibly create new ma rkets in developed world. For deeper understanding, the conflict is not only about the strategy which make globalization successful might make reserve innovation impossible and in return. It also lies at the executives who are not familiar to the new markets. Being aware of the difficulty company has to face when changing long established structures and attitudes, however for the sake of opportunity of future growth, GE came out with new business model called Local Growth Team model (LGT). LGT and its five critical principles are xplained more clearly via example of launching compact ultrasound in China: * Shift power to where the growth is: give broader power to local authority to their executive leaders of GE in China. * Build new offerings from the ground up: start with new architecture which is to shift hardware form to software form in order to make it easier to carry. * Building LGTs from the ground up, like new companies: rewrite completely new value chain such as local recruiting, target customers as the dealers etc. * Customize objectives, targets, and metrics: learning by testing and experiments. Have the LGT report to someone high in the organization to maintain the strong support from the top and to mediate conflicts between the team and the global business. Overall the biggest challenge of GE is mentioned about is to change the mind-set of managers who have spent their careers excelling at globalization. Personal arguments People have been talking about globalization for whole decades, and now we are introduced to a new definition of the vital business model of future: Reserve innovation together with the rising of Asia in 12st century. Being aware of it and learning how to deal with it is skills and mind-set each manager has to have to compete in global market in future. One interesting thing is that GE considered reserve innovation as future strategy for a long term goals. The idea of changing business model when needed to create value at large, especially when it is applied globally, might create the advantage of competitiveness for GE in globalization in future. However for near future, LGT doesn’t mention how we can actually adjust the cooperation to run the new strategy (LGT only concerned about strategy of production, technology and marketing). As authors pointed out in the article globalization is so â€Å"dominant† today because it has worked well in the past. However it might depend on which industry and how easily the division/brand/product or company globalizes. The question is which the reverse innovation model would be most appropriately for them to do to accomplish the long-term and the short-term. How to cite How Ge Is Disrupting Itself, Papers

Food Safety Program Hospital Patients and Kids

Question: Discuss about theFood Safety Programfor Hospital Patients and Kids. Answer: Introduction A food safety program is a document in writing indicating how a food enterprise is going to control the food safety risks involved in food handling activities of the enterprise. Food businesses with high risks involved are required to have food safety programs. This comprises businesses that supply food to aged care people, hospital patients and kids in child care centers. ( Gareau 2004) Review of Food Safety Program Our clients; Number of staff Our own retail outlet Other retailers Wholesalers Others 1-2 5-15 15 How has your FSP impacted on change of your operations ? E.g. Products range Yes/No Suppliers /customers Yes/No Delivery mechanism Yes/No Modifications on the property Yes/No Others Comments Monitoring records requirements of FSP and how often theyre being completed Type of record frequency of monitoring Repairs of property Evaluation Daily weekly monthly 2- 5 months Annually 2 yrs Review of the FSP Daily weekly monthly 2- 5 months Annually 2 yrs Inspections of hygiene and sanitation Daily weekly monthly 2- 5 months Annually 2 yrs Treatments for insect and vermin Daily weekly monthly 2- 5 months Annually 2 yrs Processing operations monitoring Daily weekly monthly 2- 5 months Annually 2 yrs Choosing one month from the last four (check the month), which you performed monitoring in compliance with your FSP for that month? Jan Feb. march April may June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Full compliance partial compliance non compliance Comments When fundamental confines described in your food safety program are not achieved, is instant counteractive action taken and put into record? If not, state the rationale behind that. No/yes Comments Does the counteractive act taken imitate the action explained in your FSP? Yes/No Comments Does staff exhibit knowledge of your food safety program? Yes/No Comments Does your FSP need to be revised? The events below showcase instances where a food safety program needs to be revised to as to meet the required standards Introducing latest variety of foodstuffs to sell No/ yes Changes to clients and means of delivery to customers No /yes Changes in personnel No/Yes Receipt of complaints pertaining to food No/Yes New information obtainable on perils involved No/Yes Does your FSP need to be revised? No/Yes Practices Undertaken to Keep to Keep Food Safe. Buying of food - only buy from trustworthy suppliers. Food can be infected with bacteria, chemicals or other stuff that should not be in food. Communicate with the suppliers concerning the state at which you prefer the food to be supplied and keep an updated list of your suppliers. Ensure food is protected by correct packaging and/or container Storage. Store cold food at temperatures not above 5C. keep food that is below freezing point(frozen)at temperatures not above 15ensure freezer and refrigerator or cool room can store food at the correct temperatures. Check that thermometer readings are precise. Thawing frozen food Ensure that iced up foods are comprehensively thawed before being prepared. Do not refreeze defrosted or half cooked food twice. Preparation clean your hands prior to handling already prepared food, apparatus and utensils wear gloves appropriately where suitable. Cooking food for long will destroy most food poisoning bacteria. Ensure that the core temperature reaches 75C or hotter in order to attain this. Cooling and freezing food. Minimize the temperature of cooked food to under 5C as fast as possible after cooking to reduce build up of poisoning bacteria. Reheating ready to eat food. Reheat food comprehensively to kill food poisoning bacteria. Serving food and displaying food. Serve reheated food quickly or maintain it at 60C or higher temperatures. This is in order to keep it secure for consumption. Packaging and transporting food. Use clean food grade containers and equipment. Store up and pack food in appropriate packaging for any processes that goes after (e.g., refrigeration, freezing or microwaving). Pursue the manufacturers instruction for application. Food vans, stalls, events and off-site catering. Use transportation that is able to maintain food inside the recommended temperatures. Reduce the time food is in transit. Organize a backup power supply in case of power failure. Ensure equipment is always in good condition. Verification Verification activity Frequency of undertaking the activity Review client complaints Daily weekly monthly 2-5 months annually 2yrs Review of the monitoring records Daily weekly monthly 2-5 months annually 2yrs Review of the FSP Plan Daily weekly monthly 2-5 months annually 2yrs Other (please point out) Daily weekly monthly 2-5 months annually 2yrs Reviewing the Food Safety Program Personal hygiene general corrective plan Are and washing requirements met? yes No Clean clothes and aprons, worn? yes No Smoking done in designated areas only? yes No Workers ill or with symptoms for flu? yes No Protective garment is worn? yes No Are cuts or sores covered well? yes No Receiving of products Products received from accredited suppliers accompanied by appropriate supply documents. yes No Products inspected well before receipt? yes no Product protection handling Clean food grade containers and equipment are used during transportation? yes no Exposed meat or some foods does not touch dirt? yes no Frozen foods freed office before cooking? yes no Vehicles and equipment capable of maintaining food within the required temperatures in transit? yes no Prepared food always reheated before being served for eating? yes no Separation Inedible material is kept separated from edible material? yes no Inedible material is separated from equipment and appliances used for edible materials. yes no Storage Records of calibration and refrigeration gauges are maintained? yes no Temperature records are kept? yes no Chillers are well serviced and cleaned frequently? yes no Cleaning and sanitation Devices and apparatus inspected on a daily basis before use? yes no Equipment well serviced and in good working form? yes no Reports of all non-conformances kept for future reference? yes no Need for Additional Training for Staff Reducing the risk of food poisoning due to bad storage, undercooking and poor handling procedures, therefore staff should be trained on how to prevent such happenings so as to avoid the risk of food poisoning. Cutting down on waste a well trained staff is able to minimize or avoid food losses related to spillage, contaminations or loss due to inappropriate handling. Avoidance of these looses also means that the business will be making the most out of the available food. Employees get to understand better the nature of their job and this makes them even appreciate their job- With an acquaintance and understanding of practices and processes and the fact that they are most openly responsible for the health and safety of their customers; they may have an improved appreciation and understanding of their job. Improvements in behavior of employees with the right training, coupled with frequent application of food safety measures, the manner in which staff members handle food will ultimat ely alter and sooner than later it becomes a habitual thing amongst the staff members ( Armstrong, Diepeveen, Gandhi 2011). Summary. Food processors are required to keep records of the foodstuffs they handle and the processes they follow. This information is aimed to be used if a difficulty comes up and there is a requirement to make out the potential capacity of the problem as well as the basis of the problem. Having a food safety program is imperative because it can be used as a guide by any type of business as long as the accomplished program meets the necessary criteria. References Armstrong, L. J., Diepeveen, D. A., Gandhi, N. (2011, December). Effective ICTs in agricultural value chains to improve food security: An international perspective. In Information and Communication Technologies (WICT), 2011 World Congress on (pp. 1217-1222). IEEE. Gareau, S. E. (2004). The development of guidelines for implementing information technology to promote food security. Agriculture and Human Values, 21(4), 273-285.

An Essay On Racism Essays - Racism, Discrimination, Covert Racism

An Essay on Racism annon ...Everybody jumped on him, beat the hell out of him... Everybody was hitting him or kicking him. One guy was kicking at his spine. Another guy hitting on the side of the face... He was unconscious. He was bleeding. Everybody had blood on their forearms. We ran back up the hill laughing... He should have died... He lost so much blood he turned white. He got what he deserved (Ridgeway 167.) The skinheads who performed this random act of racial violence in 1990, had no reason to brutally beat their victim other than the fact that he was Mexican (Ridgeway 167). Racism is objectively defined as any practice of ethnic discrimination or segregation. Fortunately, racial violence is steadily declining as the turn of the century approaches. Now a new form of racism, covert racism, has recently sprung from the pressures of political correctness. This new form of racism, although slowly declining, still shows signs of strong support (Piazza 86). Covert racism assumes a form of civil disobedience against politically correct thought and speech. Essentially, covert racism is a hidden racism, or a racism not easily detected (Piazza 78). Racism is still strongly prevalent in today's society (Gudorf 3). The three different basic forms of racism, open racism, violent racism, and covert racism all express forms of hatred towards distinct ethnic groups (Bender 47). These basic forms of racism, although different in form, all have the same main purpose, to promote racism. Open racism expresses freedom of racial thought and speech. Open racists promote their views through strictly persuasionary tactics. This form of racism is allowed in our society because of the First Amendment. Open racism is currently almost nonexistent and steadily declining, because it is considered politically incorrect and socially unacceptable. Violent racism promotes racism through violence, fear, and persuasionary tactics (Leone 49) This form of racism is not protected by the First Amendment because it promotes violence to express its ideas. Unfortunately many violent racial groups claim they do not promote violence, and therefore these groups are protected by the First Amendment because not enough sufficient evidence exists to prove their violent intent (Ridgeway 123). Covert racism expresses ideas of racism in disguised forms; sometimes the covert racist is not even aware of the fact that he is racist. Racism, it is asserted, is no longer blatant: people nowadays are reluctant to express openly their dislike of and contempt for minorities, indeed are not prepared to express publicly a sentiment that could be interpretted as racist. Racism, it is said, is subtle: it is disguised, kept out of sight (Enrlich 73) The suggestion that there is a new racism--a racism that has a new strength precisely because it doesn't appear to be racism--deserves serious consideration (Piazza 66). Avoiding minorities on the street and denial of a public benefit to a minority which would be awarded to a white are examples of covert racism. Since it is no longer politically correct to openly express one's racist views, people therefore favor disguised, indirect ways to express their bigotry (Piazza 68). Covert racism is the most abundant form of racism in our society today. What causes racism? Unfortunately, the answer is much longer and detailed than the question. The three main causes for racism are: racism has become part of our heritage, right-wing racial and political groups, and pride in one's own race. Practically since the dawn of man's existence man has undoubtedly noticed differences between races. Racism's presence throughout the formation of our culture is quite evident (Tucker 17). Frequently throughout history the ethnic group with the most power has assumed that its race and culture are superior to others. The same incident even occurred in America with the introduction of slaves. Throughout American history, racism has been strongly prevalent. Racism's roots lie deep within the foundation of our society (Tucker 19). These roots undoubtedly are the source for a great many of the racist groups and covert racism ideas found throughout our society. Extremist social and political groups, particularly those advocating right-wing policies of racial inequality, promote racism as well. These groups serve as the epitome of racial thought and speech (Ridgeway 10). The following represent various racist groups found throughout the United States: John Birch Society, Ku Klux Klan, Knights of the KKK, Invisible Empire, NAAWP, White Aryan Resistance, American Front, Nazi Skinheads, Posse Comitatus, Aryan Nations, The Order, and National Alliance (Ridgeway 15). All of these groups are given the freedom to express their ideas of racism because of the First Amendment (CIEQ 16). Although the First Amendment protects the speech of these groups, many none the

Approaching Prayer †World Religion Essay

Approaching Prayer – World Religion Essay Free Online Research Papers Approaching Prayer World Religion Essay Most of us say we pray regardless if we are religious. This week’s focus is on opening up the subject of prayer. How it sounds, what it means, and why we do it. Prayer comes from the Latin root meaning to plea. Some say that prayer is done by action and just with words. Some say that prayer requires complete attention and ultimate focus; others believe that prayer is just an on going dialog with God. Anoushka Shankar Anoushka Shankar is a young musician. Her father is Ravi Shankar, the Hindu spiritual leader of the Beatles. She performs all over the world and recently released a CD entitled Chants of India. It is a collection of Hindu Prayers set to music. Teaching the message of Hinduism is often taught through stories. Using animals or kings, but there is always a moral and often it is delivered in the form of a chant. Shankar believes prayer to be extremely intimate and can be tough to share with other on stage. Chants are a different kind of a prayer. Hinduism is very tribal, in that there is a god of fire, a god of water. So one simply prays to the thing you are seeking help from. In prayers where the word Lord is used each Hindu can choose who or what that means. Shankar chooses to pray to a universal energy and she is less focused on the imagery of the Gods unlike her parents who have a favorite God that they most often pray to. Chanting is very much about the sound and the vibration that is created by the repetition and manner under which the chant is performed. You don’t really need to know what the sounds mean because the vibration that is created is often time the result. Shankar says English has too many words, it can be creative but not everything can be explained in a word. Because chants are often seeking a vibration she says that a feeling can be better expressed by this type of physical feeling. There is a lot of repetition in mantra. Some are said multiple times to produce a sound and others are simply the more you say it the better it feels. Stephen Mitchell Stephen Mitchell is a writer and translator. He learned Hebrew to read and translate the original Bible. He insists that prayer does not need to be religious. While reading the book of Joab, he was drawn to the elements of human suffering. He was interested in the idea of there being something beyond good and evil. Later in his life when he began to experience the text of the Hinduism his perception of God was revolutionized. He could sense the answers to Joab through his study in Hinduism. Absolutely unmixed attention is Prayer, French poet Simone Weil. Thus anyone doing something with great attention is considered prayer. For example some practicing piano draws on the same qualities of prayer. Mitchell also states that someone doing Zen Meditation is praying. You could say that praise is another mode of prayer. Not because of the longing but because of the appreciation and concentration involved with being in the moment. Praying and falling in love with life can often be compared. Do everything you do with gratitude, live life moment to moment appreciating life. To empty your mind and let your mind be at piece is a wonderful form of prayer. Roberta Bondi Bondi is an academic who kept prayer distant from her life until one day when a family crisis drew her to call upon it for peace. She has written beloved no non-sense books about the early mystical Christians. There is no right way to pray, it is important to find your way. The theology of the desert changed Bondis thinking about prayer. You dont need any reason to begin a pattern of prayer, it is about everyday life. It important to just show up for prayer, often in the way we think it is important to just show for family dinner. We often think that when we pray we have to be fully engaged and extremely focused. The fact is, if prayer is our end of our relationship with God, then we should treat it accordingly. Prayer is like being part of a family, we just need to show up and do the best we can do. Quote: If a man wants God to hear his prayer quickly, before a man prayers for anything else, even his own sole, he must pray for his enemies. Through this action God will hear his prayers. I think this quote speaks to the enter connectedness that we share with every other person on the planet. I think this also forces you to take a minute and realize that your enemy probably has a good number of the same problems that you have. Why think you are closer to God or closer to the truth then your neighbor, even if they are your enemy. 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Criteria for Causality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criteria for Causality - Essay Example The media often concludes a causal relationship among correlated observances when causality was not even considered by the study itself. Without clear reasons to accept causality, we should only accept correlation.† A spurious relationship is a mathematical tool which is used to establish that whether two events in correlation have some sort of causal connection or not. Spuriousness is a property of highly misleading correlations that may appear to be causation. Hence, when a correlation has no spurious relationship, it is a highly possible causation. Hence, nonspuriousness becomes an essential criterion in examining the correlated events and establishing causality. (Pearl, 2000; Verma and Pearl, 1990) Timing of different events is important since time sequencing of actions and events can determine causation. By measuring time, we can determine when an action took place and when another action or event occurred in correlation or consequence to it. Hence, time order is also an important tool to inspect causality. Johnson and Bhattacharya (2009, p. 505) point out that in business and economics, â€Å"observations are collected in a time sequence with the intention of using regression techniques to predict future trend. In many other experiments, trials are conducted successively in time.† And in any event, a plot of the residuals versus time order can detect a contravention of the postulation of independence among related actions and/or events. Hence, time order emerges as a criterion of causality. In the above statement, the event of active or passive smoking precedes the event of respiratory illness due to nicotine. The event of respiratory illness due to nicotine does not take place without active or passive smoking. Respiratory illness due to nicotine (even of negligible magnitude) takes place whenever active or passive smoking takes place. Causes are time and again differentiated into two major categories: (1) Necessary and

Should Smoking Be Banned in Outdoor Public Parks Research Paper

Should Smoking Be Banned in Outdoor Public Parks - Research Paper Example Allowing smokers to smoke their cigar in public places will expose non-smokers to health problems. Tobacco smoking causes diseases such as lung cancer, respiratory problems among others (Chapman 162). It is unkind to expose an innocent victim to these health problems, yet the victim is not a member of the smoking club. Smokers may not see anything wrong with smoking in these public places, but it would an abuse of the rights of the non-smokers. Smoking in public places forces non-smokers to breathe the tobacco smoke. This habit irritates many people. Smokers should realize that many people suffer from various chronic conditions such as bronchitis, asthma among others. These conditions are sensitive to tobacco smoke thereby worsening their conditions. Public smoker creates a public nuisance because the smoke generated from his habit interferes with the normal activities of third parties. When an individual creates a public havoc, he is not different from a public smoker who directs his smoke to uninterested parties. Public smoking exposes young children to bad habits in the society. Children are not enlightened about the dangers of smoking. It is evident that children learn from what they see in the environment. When society allows people to smoke in public places, children will learn this habit. In addition, children are not able to distinguish between what the society perceive as bad or good. This calls for caution because the future depends on the present. The society must be able to teach children its values and their importance. Public places such as beaches, playgrounds attract many people. Young children are tempted to collect cigarette butts as some of their playing items in such places. This is very dangerous because it exposes the child to various microbes, which cause diseases. The mind of the child is different from the mind of an adult. Concerning this fact, the society must advocate for the safety of the children. No one can claim to be advocating  for children welfare when smokers loosely smoke in public places.

U.S. History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U.S. History - Essay Example It should be noted that legalization of slavery was prevalent just before the eruption of American civil war (Kellogg 47). This is where most of the slaves were emancipated from slavery. As a fact, emancipation from slavery was a series of processes that were subsequent statutes. This helped end the period of slavery in the United States. Apparently, some states were still practicing slavery in the beginning of the 19th centuries. However, the elites in the colonies were also the acme of leadership in the states after annihilation of slavery. Since they had an upper hand in leadership, they were advantaged to clinch the leadership of the states. For example, renowned economists and politicians were able to retain some of the leadership positions in the states. Since the colonies were abolished, they took the opportunity to control the states since they had replaced the colonies. Slavery is stated as the exclusive right to own human beings with their descendants. As a fact, the owners of the slaves were to benefit from the free labour they offered. This aspect helped develop the northern and southern states in the United States. To begin with, slavery was an aspect that was protected under the constitution. Therefore, it was acceptable for people to own other human beings for their personal reasons. Secondly, the slavery in the United States was ostensibly benefiting the southern states (Kellogg 49). Though it did not directly benefit the northern states, they were willing to enhance its continuity. As a fact, most of the industries in the northern states, especially textile and shipping depended on the crops grown in the southern states. Thirdly, slaves were treated with utter inhumane nature since they were considered property. For example, most of the owners treated the slaves with brutality, rape and inhumane whipping. In some bizarre instances, the slaves were executed. Consequentially, stopping slavery in the United States was a commitment from all quarters. This was done through rebellions and failure to comply. Similarly, some slaves had to escape to other regions like Canada, which did not believe in slavery. A subsequent phenomenon of market revolution was introduced in the United States. This was to enhance the capitalist state in improving its economy. Apparently, market revolution is considered one of the contradictions in the United States. Though it was a change on how manu al labour was handled, it had similar characteristics of slavery. The United States decided to ratify its constitution to become an independent country. This was initiated in the mid 1770’s. Apparently, many patriots deciphered that it was time to make United States and independent country. To make this happen, the patriots clutched control of all the colonies in the United States. Immediately after this, they declared an independence war. After over a decade, the United States ratified its constitution in 1789. After the 1800 elections, the democratic republic party was dominant both in the US house and in the senate (Kellogg 68). Similarly, they were able to clinch the presidency due to their strong support for state rights. The initiation of this government led to enhancement of the independent judiciary system. As such, there were limited criticisms in concerns to the judiciary, presidential system and the congress as their independence was reinstated. Though there was a better system in the congress, judiciary and presidential syste

Newspaper Tool To Promote Malaysia Government Propaganda Media Essay

Newspaper Tool To Promote Malaysia Government Propaganda Media Essay 1. Introduction During the pre-election, the election candidates usually will choose appropriate media as their major election tools to disseminate their asserted statements for changing government policies and convey their main purpose of gaining the ruling power from opposition parties, which may sway the voters decision of balloting. So what is media? Why does media so important during the pre-election period? The word of media is included the whole host of modern communication systems, for example cinema, television, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, radio, and interactive multimedia. These developments depend on the use of industrial technology to produce, send and receive message. Country information From the overview coaches and trainees that like working journalists will need to do some intensive research before they arrive in an unfamiliar country. It is enormously beneficial to have a basic understanding on the country. That included their demographics, culture and history, as well as the current political situation and their media environment. This information is important in setting the context for the specific election. They also need to know about the specific conditions of the election. We will able to country information thought todays internet system and also some country-specific guidebooks. Besides that, the local governments websites will also present some basic information on the countrys population, economic conditions and health standards to educational levels. In examining guidebooks, we also can look for information such as life expectancy and number of citizens of voting age, extent of literacy, different ethnic groups, religions and languages, and urban and r ural populations. These are factors to consider in guiding media coverage of an election campaign because they identify important groups of voters, challenges to voter education, and regions or issues which otherwise might be neglected. However in Malaysia, the Sultan is elected by hereditary state rulers to serve a 5-year term. Prime Minister is designated by parliament. In the Senate (Dewan Negara), 44 members are appointed by the monarch to serve 3-year terms and 26 members are elected by the state legislatures to serve 3-year terms*. In the House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat) 222 members are elected by direct popular vote to serve 5-year terms. Political context Political background Election is about few political parties are competing with each other for the popular support and power, so it is essential to know the basic facts about the political history of the country. There may be facts or events which play a symbolic or special role in the parties campaigns because of how they are perceived by the voters. Information such as the date of the countrys independence, major internal and trans-boundary conflicts, and the names of former heroes or villains, who may become an issue or rallying point in the campaign, should be identified. These kinds of considerations also apply in the case of referenda. Other factors to examine include the pattern of stability of previous governments, and the role of the army or other forces, or foreign interventions in the duration of past governments. Beside that, the structure of government and leading figures like presidency, parliamentary democracy, monarchy, and so on. Current political landscape Beside that, the current political landscape or immediate context on the election is an essential knowledge for coaches to know. They need to learn what key issues arose during the term of Coaching Manual for Media Support during Elections. For example, the country information, and the previous government works; on how they were handled and whether they caused this election. Coaches should know the names of the main political parties, their central ideologies and leaders, and relative strength and popularity. This kind of information aids coaches in assessing whether election reporting is balanced. Other factors that under consideration are include the extent of democracy, the strength and activity of civil society in public life, the courts and authorities respect for the rule of law and human rights, extent of corruption and lawlessness, and the economic or political disparity between identity groups. In addition to media reports and country profiles, organisations such as Human Ri ghts Watch and Amnesty International, Freedom House, the International Crisis Group, and the United Nations Development Programmes human develop meant indicators can provide such assessments. Coaches will also usually find the reports and staff of international observer teams monitoring the election to be helpful and well-informed. For Malaysia, it is a country which is seem to be a long and drawn out struggle to what is now some resemblance of a democratic nation much like its neighbours Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and East Timor (admittedly East Timor isnt a direct neighbour but its in the hood).   This country experiences significant problems domestically with extremes in poverty and wealth.   There are seemingly an endless string of problems with labour and workers rights, as well as significant issues with deforestation and continued infringements on human rights.   What makes 2010 significant for Malaysia is that despite its apparent problems, the most significant of them being the domestic political turmoil, there appears to be progress towards better transparency? However the problems for the incumbent leadership really are about domestic issues and how to keep their country from quickly sliding backwards after years of relatively steady economic growth albeit underpinned by the International Mon etary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. With growing extremist populism in politics taking root even in the moderate political parties, the country faces growing isolation as other countries attempt to work to resolve Western sentiment of the region being riddled with terrorism, extremist organisations and terrorist training camps.   There are many unresolved problems between different ethnic groups, especially involving Malaysian Chinese. The media environment The first priority is to identify the principles of the countrys media freedoms and regulations. Coaches must then determine the practical realities of these freedoms and regulations. In some countries there may be wide-ranging protection for media freedoms in the constitution or in legislation but the freedoms are much abused or ignored by authorities or journalists in daily life. Media regulations among the essential media regulations to examine are: Constitutional guarantees for a free press: Do they exist in law? Do the courts protect them effectively against government or other interests harassment, intimidation, assault? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Media regulation bodies (press councils and radio-television regulators): What powers do they have? Are they independent of government? Are they free of corruption? Do they defend media freedoms? Do they fairly discipline irresponsible media? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Content restrictions: Are there laws which censor what the media can report or offer as opinions? Who imposes these restrictions? Is there an appeal to the courts? Are there laws against hate speech? Is criminal libel used to suppress published criticism of government? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Internet: Is it widely available? Is it regulated or censored? Is it influential? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ownership restrictions: Is media ownership determined by government, by law, or by free market competition? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Journalist registration/accreditation: Is there any law defining who can be a journalist? Who administers the law? Is this law used to restrict free expression? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Broadcast media: How is it regulated? Is licensing conducted fairly? Is public or state broadcasting treated differently than private broadcasting? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Are there Access-to-Information laws? Are they effective? Are they blocked by secrecy laws, political interference or bureaucratic obstruction? Firstly, newspaper is the best way to research because it is a regularly scheduled publication containing news, information, and advertising, has emerged as one of the important media throughout the entire world. However, its multifunctional purpose has caused it to be manipulated in many forms. In Malaysia, the most obvious manipulation towards newspaper is in the form of political view. Political parties especially the ones who act as the rulers of the country are continuously taking advantage in the name of veto power to use newspaper as the primary tool to promote their propaganda. (Media Stereotyping: Reporting War and Terrorism, 2007). As a definition, propaganda stands for a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position. As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively (thus possi bly lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or uses loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a change of the attitude toward the subject in the target audience to further a political agenda. It is proven as it is used in the ancient times; the Roman Empire published Acta Diurna, or government announcement bulletins, around 59 BC, as ordered by Julius Caesar. (Acta Diurna, 2010). Looking back during the National Election campaign in 2008, the Barisan Nasional governments launched their massive political campaign through the means of newspaper and other forms of media to sell out their propaganda in order to influence the minds of the citizens to vote for them. To make things easier, they are the rulers of this country and thus, no one can put the barrier on them on what-so-called restriction of press. The determination of press freedom is on their hands. However, in the campaign, they suf fered the most humiliating defeat in the history of Malaysia as they lost five states to the opposition sides, Pakatan Rakyat; Kelantan, Kedah, Perak, Selangor, and Penang. How could it happen? This situation lied on several factors. The non-government newspapers played their role in publishing news on the truth behind every promise made by the governments sold out to the society during the election campaign. This actually worked out as citizens realised that they could not be continuously cheated off by the fake promise. It can be said here that propaganda does not always work the way it should. Currently, the issue of the concept of 1Malaysia is another case regarding the manipulation of newspaper by the authorities to promote their propaganda. The introduction of this concept has been massively spread out to the mass audience via various kinds of mass media including newspapers. The spreading out can be classified as successful as everyone is talking about 1Malaysia now. However, the concept, introduced by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak, is still on the surface and the truth behind it is hidden from the acknowledgement of the public. 1Malaysia conce pt is still blurred and confusing. Everybody seems to accept the propaganda without realising the effects on them. The most obvious effect that will someday happen is that it harms and destroys the special rights enjoyed by the bumiputra especially Malays. Before things turn from worst to worse, Pakatan Rakyat try to stop the citizens from getting carried away by the cheat through the only medium they are able to; newspapers owned by them. Is it going to work? Conclusion In this research, there are three main problem statements that are aimed to be found out. The first problem statement is that newspaper is being used as the primary tool to promote Malaysia government propaganda. The matter that is about to be conveyed is the advantage enjoyed by the government to simply use their veto power to spread their propaganda. Newspapers like Utusan Malaysia, Berita Harian, New Straits Times and many others are owned by the government. The question is that are these puppets being manipulated to do the promotion on behalf of the Barisan Nasional government neither directly or indirectly to set up the minds of the society. The second one is that the use of newspaper as a medium of spreading government propaganda is effective and giving impacts to the society or it is either occurring the other way around. The governments are the ones who act as the gatekeeper to all media including print media like newspaper. They pick what to publish and eliminate news that i s risky to harm them. The question whether it is totally effective or not in manipulating the citizens minds will be answered in the findings of this research. Last but not least, the opposition-own newspapers are also playing their role in revealing the hidden truth behind every propaganda of the ruler of this country and how effective their messages in setting up citizens minds? Newspapers like Suara Keadilan and Harakah are owned by the opposition sides. This research will reveal whether they succeed in showing the truth behind the propaganda of the government in the high-risk situation of do-or-die as there is a very high possibility that the government will misuse their power in stopping these kinds of newspapers to continue showing their true colours. Harvard-style for List of References

The Harlem Renaissance :: The Black Intelligencia

During the Harlem Renaissance a new feeling of racial pride emerged in the Black Intelligencia. The Black Intelligencia consisted of African-American writers, poets, philosophers, historians, and artists whose expertise conveyed five central themes according to Sterling Brown, a writer of that time: â€Å"1) Africa as a source of race pride, 2) Black American heroes 3) racial political propaganda, 4) the â€Å"Black folk† tradition, and 5) candid self-revelation.† Two of the main people responsible for this new consciousness were W.E.B. Du Bois and Alain Locke. Du Bois laid a foundation for this dawn of racial pride in his essays. Locke took Du Bois’ initial idea one step further with his writings and aiding younger writers and artists that appeared during the Harlem Renaissance. Langston Hughes was one of the writers that Locke mentored. Hughes was a devote believer of exhibiting pride in the Black race; this theme was often exhibited in his writing. These three men have each contributed and advanced the sentiment of racial pride in their own unique way during the Harlem Renaissance. In order to fully understand the contributions of W.E.B. Du Bois, Alain Locke, and Langston Hughes it is imperative to know their backgrounds. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was born on February 23rd, 1868, in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He enrolled at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee where he was an editor for the school newspaper. Du Bois was admitted to Harvard in 1888, and in 1891 he received his M.A. in History. After Harvard, Du Bois traveled to Europe and studied in Berlin for a year. In 1894, he went to Wilberforce University and worked as a Professor of Classics. In 1895, Du Bois acquired his Ph.D. from Harvard thus becoming the first African-American to earn a doctorate. The following year Du Bois married Nina Gomer. In 1897, unable to find an academic position anywhere in the North, Du Bois and his new wife moved to Georgia where Du Bois taught at Atlanta University for over a decade. They had two children together: a son named Burghardt Gomer, who died when he was two years old, and a daughter, NinaYolande. Between the years of 1897 and 1914 while Du Bois was a professor at Atlanta University he published sixteen research monographs analyzing the sociological conditions of African-Americans in America. He also published The Philadelphia Negro, a Sociological Study in 1899, the first case study done in the United States about an African-American community.

Literature and Language Essay

The word explication takes its form from the verb explicate, meaning to â€Å"unfold† the meaning of an ideas as to make clear the significance of it. Literary criticism also makes use of explication, which is termed as explication de texte. The meaning of a certain text (whether a poem, novel or play) is unfolded by line-by-line or chapter-by-chapter commentary of the text. This thorough interpretation of the text makes the understanding of it as subjective as possible. Analysis, on the other hand, is the process of fragmenting an intricate idea into smaller more cognizant parts to gain a better understanding of the idea. The difference between analysis and explication is on where the probe of the idea starts. In explication, the parts are studied to gain an understanding of the entirety of the idea; whereas in analysis, the whole of the idea is probed and divided into more understandable parts. In writing about a poem, it is best to use explication de texte because the meaning of the totality of the text lies in the interpretation of each line of the poem. Only then if each one of the line is scrutinized will the meaning of the poem will be understood. Contrariwise, in writing about a short story, it is better to utilize analysis. There is a certain unfolding of events that happen within the text and would only culminate towards the ending. Therefore, the entirety of the text should be first read, only then could the small details of the story could be further scrutinized to gain a fresher and more detailed understanding of the story as a whole. It is important to know which type of literary tool should be used to explore a certain text. A different interpretation may be concluded depending on whether explication or analysis is used. Work Cited: Franklin, P. (2006). Conjectures on Explication. US: Chicago Press.

Alexander Hamilton Economic Program

Alexander Hamilton Economic Program Alexander Hamilton is a remarkable controversial leader whose contribution to the United States economy is undisputable. He is known to have worked closely with Presidents Washington in shaping and remoulding the American economy after the revolution witnessed in the country.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Alexander Hamilton Economic Program specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His presence in the financial dockets came up as an advantage to the American movement whose economy was going down because of the European’s business competition. He greatly transformed the American banking, manufacturing, and agricultural sector to compete better with the European businesses. This lead to establishment of Central bank and the bank of United States that was similar to the bank of England. His appointment by the federal government as the financial secretary was a challenge to him because he had to direct federal economic policy as the treasury secretary. His great concern was how the government could overcome their previous debts by the government to ensure good beginning. That is when the securities in form of bonds were sold to people to rescue the debt problem the country (Dolbeare, Cummings, 2009). Some of the decisions by Hamilton were controversial especially on agriculture and central banking. People developed fear on the possibility of the failure of the central bank because of wealthy overseers and other urban people. On the other hand, Hamilton wanted United States to be self sufficient in agricultural sector. This would discourage farmers from getting subsidies from the government but instead work hard to produce products that could easily compete at the international markets. This was likely to benefit the farmers once they sold their products locally. In addition, the American government was to benefit from the increased exports of the agricultural products to get revenue to buy the imported manufactured good (Dolbeare, Cummings, 2009). The program revealed the perfectionism in Hamilton and he was determined to make beneficial moves to the federal government as the finance secretary. Some decisions were good and applauded by different people but some people were disappointed by the elite attitude and concentrating on the British economic development models. This transformed America into a capitalist nation and the government became stronger. From these reports, it was clear that the government could not do away with their contributions and involvement in â€Å"private sector† economic affairs. The government is a regulator through various policies. These policies specify the requirement by the private sector activities to ensure there is good working environment.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The private sector will be regulated through permits and license to alleviate illegal businesses and organizations working without following the requirement. This will avert unfair competition among the private sectors (Dolbeare, Cummings, 2009). On the other hand, the American government must be involved in the â€Å"private sector† economic affairs to expand market and enhancing the relationship between different governments. The government servants will look for markets for good produced locally whereas there can be some treaties or agreements between nations to waive taxes and tariffs involved in exportation, and importations of products. According to Hamilton, it was evident that American government had to be involved in empowering the producers to concentrate on the viable production. This meant specialization on the best opportunities whereas the country could get other products for other regions. The government should be involved in the regulation of the private sector as well as offering assistance on business affairs. Reference Dolbeare, K.M., Cummings, M. S. (2009). American Political Thought (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.

Introduction to Circuits -Lab Report Essay Example

Introduction to Circuits Introduction to Circuits -Lab Report Paper Introduction to Circuits -Lab Report Paper After completing these parts our aim is to see the operation oscilloscope and analyze simple circuits. Experimental work; In the first part of the experiment we read the colors of given resistors. There were 4 resistors in the kit. Three of them were same because their colors at the right hand side were same an done of them was different. The color of 3 resistors were orange and other one was red so when we looked at the color code table our three resistors were 10. 000 ohm and other resistor was I OHO ohm. After using color table we determined the values of resistors by using altimeter While measuring the values of the resistor by millimeter it is important to not to hold it by two hands since the human body has an effect on it and wrong values can appear thats why we measured them by placing the resistors to board. The results that we obtained are as follows: First resistor = 10 k ohm= 10 000 ohm Second resistor: I C. 23 k Ohm = 10230 Ohm Third resistor= 9. 91 k ohm = 3910 ohm Fourth resistor- 0. 987 k ohm 987 ohm As seen in the results by using millimeter we obtained the values which are very close to actual values. The elements that we used re linear elements we obtained linear graphs. In addition to that A linear circuit is one that has no nonlinear electronic components in it. Examples of linear circuits are small-signal amplifiers, differentiators, and integrators, or any circuit composed exclusively of ideal resistors, capacitors, inductors, pop-amps, and other linear circuit elements. Some examples of circuits and components that operate in a nonlinear way are diodes and transistors These pictures are for the part that we used Math menu and selected addition and subtraction functions from the math menu _ This Picture is for the step that we connected CHI probe to the PROBE COM of the oscilloscope and observed the s,anal by pressing the CHI menu button, We adjusted the amplitude of the output of the signal generator to IV peak to peak. After following these steps we observed the both square and sinusoidal wave forms on the screen. Conclusion As a result in the lab I we became familiar With lab components and how to use them in a proper way such as millimeter, oscilloscope, signal generator and voltage source. We also learned how to connect resistors in series and parallel. In addition to that we observed that there are two ways to measure the value of the resistor. The first way is to connect to the millimeter the second way is calculating its value by using color table according to the colors on the resistors. We learned the structure of the board (which we used for setting the circuit) and using the board with jumps. Beside these information we also learned the structure of the cables which we connected to voltage and signal generator. The red pin leads to positive pole and the black one leads us the ground.

Use of RFID technologies for identification, tracking Term Paper

Use of RFID technologies for identification, tracking - Term Paper Example There are advanced technologies associated with this method of keeping watch applied by the US while in the battle field. Evidences in support of this are the depth and range of research on this topic carried out by various scholars and interested parties. Their recent operations and raids have utilized space surveillance as a method of staying alert in the battle field. Technology and military theory, as well as the manner, in which it is applied during war and the impact of the aforementioned on the society, will be looked into keenly with the analysis of the works of various researchers on the topic. Another aspect will be that of information warfare. There are other researches on related topics, which support this view from different angles but with similar findings as will be realized subsequently. Revolution in military affairs has put technology in the right perspective when it comes to battlefield awareness. The US military as history has it, made heavy investments on military technology with space craft's as a priority . Use of devices that collect data before putting up a plan of attack while at war takes center stage in the US military operation layout. The socioeconomic paradigm of each era in the US reflects on the investments made in ensuring victory over the wars. In so doing, poor return on technological investments scales escalate. Errors in judgments are associated with such technologies resulting to retarded economic progress. ... Introduction Many organizations are fast adopting the use of RFID systems for easy tracking of counterfeit goods and all sorts of other criminal activities that people might engage in to the detriment of a company. Despite the growing popularity of the technology, the opposition has slammed RFID for its potential threats to privacy of individuals. It is imperative to acknowledge the opposition could be right since every person has a constitutional right to their own privacy. The deployment of RFID systems in the contemporary society is widespread. Philips Semiconductors that manufactures RFID chips has sold more than a billon chips across the world [9]. This may mean that many companies across the world have already installed RFID into their surveillance and tracking systems. Industrialized countries have adopted the technology more than in any other parts of the world [9]. While people may think that RFID systems are some of the latest technology breakthroughs in tracking systems, R FID have been in existent since the World War II. They were used in the war to detect Friend or Foe systems in military aircrafts [9]. In the contemporary world, there are several applications of the RFID systems including; automobile immobilization, inventory management, payments systems, tracking of animals, and in automated traffic toll collection. These widespread applications of RFID have improved efficiencies in accomplishing tasks for companies but on the other hand, have invigorated the debates on their infringement on people’s privacy. How RFID Works RFID tag has two components that aid in its collection, processing and transmission of information. Its part that is integrated into

Governmental Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Governmental Program - Research Paper Example Part B also called medical Insurance helps cover doctors’ and other health care providers, services, outpatient care and home health care. It also covers preventive services. Here most people pay a standard Medicare part B Premium. Medicare part C also known as Medicare advantage offers health plan options run by Medicare –approved private insurance companies. Part D also called Medicare prescription drug coverage helps cover the cost of prescription drugs. It also helps in lowering the cost of prescription drugs and shield against higher cost (CMS, 2011). Financial Compliance Medicare spending is a large component of the federal budget and national health spending, in 2006 the Medicare benefit payments totaled $374 billion, in 2007 Medicare spending accounted for 12% of the federal budget and the same year spending on Medicare benefits was 20% of the nation’s total health care sending (Kaiser, 2007). Medicare is financed majorly by payroll tax revenues, general revenues and premiums paid by beneficiaries. Part A is financed by a dedicated tax of 2.9% of earnings paid by employers and their employees. Part B is financed through a general revenue and premiums paid by beneficiaries. ... its part has ensured that they comply with all the laws put in place to ensure that the money generated from revenue streams is spent on the right services (Piper, 2011). In order to prevent fraud, wastage and abuse in Medicare the department of Human and Health services has instituted the office of the Inspector general and another department that works jointly with the HHS called the Fraud Prevention and enforcement team (HEAT). The two offer compliance training programs such as seminars, training materials and webcasts (Piper, 2011). To ensure that there is compliance another program was begun called the Senior Medicare Patrol program which aims at educating the older adults on Medicare benefits how to prevent detect and report health care fraud. The program recruits volunteers nationwide in the effort to empower older adults to protect themselves from fraud. The programs initiatives are funded by the US administration on Aging (HHS & DOJ, 2011). This program together with the HEA T task force has ensured that they reduce false billings that. This year alone it was able to charge 91 defendants for participating in Medicare fraud schemes that involved approximately $295 million in false billings. Although Medicare as a government agency has complied with all the laws pertaining to financial compliance and used the money they have been allocated wisely, there exist insurance agencies who work on behalf of the Agency that take part in fraud schemes in order to taint the name of the Agency. False billings are a common phenomenon and this has made Medicare to look into ways of ensuring that they stop this kind of fraud. Otherwise all departments have complied with the law (HHS & DOJ, 2011). Economy and efficiency Medicare is considered more economical and efficient in

Social policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Social policy - Essay Example Studies into the relationship between gender, health and human life cycle have taken a systematic approach in this unit. During my studies in this module, I found out that there is a positive correlation between gender, health and stages in the human life cycle (Hayward, 2003). From the point of determination of the sex of children, a difference in health trajectory begins to show between the two sexes. These differences vary in kind(Romans & Seaman, 2006). With ageing comes health complications. Ursula Lehr posits that old age is characterised by negative traits such as a decline in the capacities of individuals coupled with dysfunction or complete loss of the vital functions of the human body. In the social construction of old age, sociologists have shared that the current society is based on a ‘cult of youth’, where youthfulness, beauty, vigour and strength have immense value (Romans & Seaman, 2006). The society has a way of constructing a way of viewing issues that do not regard the law. I learned this alongside my colleagues last year in the unit ‘Introduction to Sociology’ where we were first introduced to the concept of social construction. Initially, during my First Year, I thought social constructs only existed in childhood. However, after further studies on the issue, I came to find out that the issue of social constructs can be applied in other issues such as gender, race, mental health and physical disability among others. I now understand that anything that results from shaping and forming by the society is of concern to sociologists and researchers. The number of aged people in Britain could rise to 12 million in the year 2021. This figure could grow further to 15.5 million aged people by the year 2030, according to figures provided by the Office of National Statistics. The number of people expected to be above the age of 80 by the year 2021 is 3 million, with further projected increase to 5.5 million people by the year

Alicia Martinez Murder Essay Example for Free

Alicia Martinez Murder Essay Alicia Martinez murder: Did Edward Romero chop up some body parts in a blender? Denver Westword, Thursday, Mar. 8 2012 Alicia Martinez disappeared on October 24, 2010, and shortly thereafter, Denver Police arrested Edward Romero for first degree murder. According to police Romero allegedly killed Martinez by shooting her twice in the head, then dismembering her body even going so far as to put some small pieces in a blender. Some parts were never found and others missing skin. Martinez was ultimately identified through the use of dental records. Francesca Pagliasotti, Romero’s girlfriend was accused of being an accessory to first-degree murder. Pagliasotti wasnt home when Romero allegedly killed Martinez, but upon her arrival, she found him in the garage, chopping up the girls body. The morning after, Pagliasotti, who has two small children with Romero, got out a mop and a bucket and started cleaning up Martinezs blood. (Roberts, 2012) The actus reus or criminal act of this crime has to be Romero shooting Martinez twice in the head and murdering her. Romero must have had a reason, in his mind, to kill Martinez. Maybe she saw him do something or he sexually assaulted her and didn’t want any witnesses. Either way the act of killing her was the actus reus. After Romero shot her and realized what he had done was not only wrong but could land him in prison for the rest of his life, he had to dispose of the body. No body, no crime. Romero decides the best course of action is to dismember the body in the garage. Not only dismember the body but put some smaller pieces in a blender. Romero had the knowledge that he had committed a crime or mens rea. Romero’s girlfriend Pagliasotta caught him in the act of dismembering a human body in his garage. Clearly what he had done in killing the girl and what he was doing with getting rid of the body was illegal. Yet Pagliasotta did not call the police or run and get help. She instead helps Romero clean up the crime scene and act like nothing happened. Pagliasotta has knowledge or mens rea of the crime. After having knowledge of the crime she did not report the crime to the authorities, this is actus reus or the criminal act. If Romero would have shot the victim and not have known that it would harm her then there would have not been a crime. There has to be the concurrence of actus reus and mens rea together for a crime to occur. The fact that he knew he was hurting Martinez when he shot her is the concurrence and ultimately the crime. Romero’s girlfriend knew that he had committed a crime. She knew that he had killed someone and that he had dismembered a body to try to cover up a crime scene. Pagliasotta knowingly helped him cover up that crime scene without alerting the authorities. This is the concurrence and ultimately her crime. This is why she is accused of accessory to first-degree murder (Roberts, 2012).

the aztec and maya Essay -- essays research papers

The Aztec and Maya were both American Indian people. The Aztec were ruled by a mighty empire in Mexico during the 1400's and early 1500's. The Maya however, developed a magnificent civilization in Central America and Southern Mexico. Both civilizations contributed a great deal to the modern world and invented items that are still used today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Aztec Legend, the ancestors of the people who founded Tenochtitlan, came to the Valley of Mexico. The Aztec wandered for many years before settling in the valley in 1200's. At first, they were subjects of people who lived in the area, but later, in the mid 1300's, the Aztec founded their own city, Tenochtitlan. By the early 1400's, Tenochtitlan had become a powerful city and controlled the region around it, nearly forming a city-state. Tenochtitlan became the most powerful member of the alliance with Texcoco and Tlacopan. It began to build up to what eventually became the Aztec empire. Many years before the Aztec empire was created, the heart of the Maya civilization was also developing. The first farmers settled in the area of El Petà ©n as early as 2500 BC, in search for fertile land for crops. By 800 BC, the Maya lowlands were completely settled. Just after this time, was the classic period, which lasted from 250 to 900 AD. During these years, the Maya founded their greatest cities and made their remarkable achievements in the arts and sciences. The city of Teotihuacan had the strongest inf...

The Rivers Of France :: Geography France Rivers Water Essays

The Rivers of France The Rhà ´ne system The Rhà ´ne is the great river of the southeast. Rising in the Alps, it passes through Lake Geneva (French: Lac Là ©man) to enter France, which has 324 miles of its total length of 505 miles. At Lyon it receives its major tributary, the Saà ´ne. In eastern France the direction of the main rivers is predominantly north-south through the Alpine furrow. The regime of the Rhà ´ne is complex. Near Lyon the Rhà ´ne and its important Isà ¨re and Drà ´me tributaries, draining from the Alps, have a marked late spring-early summer peak caused by the melting of snow and ice. While this peak is generally characteristic of the river as a whole, it is considerably modified by the contribution of the Saà ´ne, of the Durance, and of some tributaries in the Mediterranean south as a result of the fall-winter rainfall peak. Thus the powerful Rhà ´ne has a remarkably ample flow in all seasons. The course of the river and the local water tables has been much modified by a series of dams to gener ate power and to permit navigation to Lyon. The Rhà ´ne also supplies cooling water to a series of atomic power stations. West of the Rhà ´ne, the Bas Rhà ´ne-Languedoc canal, constructed after World War II to provide irrigation, has proved to be an essential element in the remarkable urban and industrial development of Languedoc. East of the Rhà ´ne the Canal de Provence taps the unpolluted waters of a Rhà ´ne tributary, the Durance, supplying Aix-en-Provence, Marseille, Toulon, and the coast of Provence with drinking water and providing impetus for urban expansion. At its delta, beginning about 25 miles from the Mediterranean, the Rhà ´ne and its channels deposit significant amounts of alluvium to form the Camargue region. The Rhine system The Rhine forms the eastern boundary of France for some 118 miles. In this section its course is dominated by the melting of snow and ice from Alpine headstreams, giving it a pronounced late spring-summer peak and often generally low water in autumn. The Ill, which joins the Rhine at Strasbourg, drains southern Alsace. The Rhine valley has been considerably modified by the construction on the French side of the lateral Grand Canal d'Alsace, for power generation and navigation. The eastern Paris Basin is drained by two tributaries, the Moselle, (partly canalized), and the Meuse; the former reaches the Rhine by way of Luxembourg and Germany, and the latter, as the Maas (Dutch), reaches the Rhine delta at the North Sea by way of Belgium and The Netherlands.

Eggplant to floor wax introduction Essay

One of the many problems of any home or infrastructure is keeping the shininess and the cleanliness of the floor and only thing that make this possible is the product called Floor wax it is applied on floor surfaces to make it scuff-resistant, water-resistant, slip resistant and glossy. It provides a thin, protective and hard surface layer when applied to flooring. In this modern age, floor polishes is made from synthetic materials and with the advancement of synthetics so does floor wax, each passing day over half a million people are using floor wax even as we speak someone is using it! But of all the useful traits that floor wax gives us at our floors there are always disadvantages to it and the first disadvantage is our environment, since floor wax is made out of highly synthetic materials its is non-biodegradable. The second is that floor wax contains toxic substances that can either cause severe damage to humans and animal life if came in contact. Third is prolong exposure of its unpleasant smell can cause different problems throughout the body. Fourth is that it can cause damage to the plants since floor wax contains volatile substances that can block plants from doing photosynthesis Despite the recent efforts by various organizations efforts to educate the public about the toxic dangers of floor wax no one seems to believe them due to the effectiveness of the modern floor wax but still its harming our environment. Our research aims to put these problems away through the use of eggplant leaves, by the use of eggplant leaves we can eliminate the problems of toxic materials exposing human and plants and making the floor wax safe to dispose at the environment because it can degrade over time plus making it 2 times more cheaper and the most important part is we can retain results, texture and luster of a commercially produced floor wax.

Which Measures IQ Better, ACT or SAT What Does That Mean for Which to Take

Which Measures IQ Better, ACT or SAT What Does That Mean for Which to Take SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Does the ACT or SAT measure intelligence better? What does this mean about which test you should take? One way to define IQ is the ability tosolve problems based on given information. Here, we look at whether the ACT or SAT is more related to IQ (spoiler: there is an answer!) and what this means for your test-taking strategy. What Is IQ? Basic Terms and Definitions To make sense of the results presented below, let's start with some key terms and definitions you should know. IQ (Intelligence Quotient) IQ has a number of different technical definitions, none of which change the conclusion of this article much. For this article, we'll use the definition of IQ that's easiest to digest: IQ is the ability to solve problems based on given information. A key phrase here is given information. Someone with a high IQ, ifgiven a series of numbers, can probably find the next number in the sequence. At the same time, someone with a high IQ might not know how to change the oil in a car as this is learned information(we go over this phrase in more detail below). IQ tests generally don't test you onlearned information. Thus, having a high IQ doesn't necessarily guarantee that you'll be able to quote Robert Frost, recite the order of the planets, or define a trapezoid - all of that is learned, not given, information! Learned Information You've probably already guessed the meaning of this based on the definition of IQ above. Simply put, learned information isinformation you must learn in order to know how to solve a problem or answer a question. This includesthe bulk of what's taught to you in school.So if you've ever had to memorize anything,that's learned information. For example, when you learned how to do long division, that would be learned information since you wouldn't know how to approach that type of division problem without first learning what long division is and how to use it. By contrast, given information means that you should theoretically be able to solve a problem based only on the information given to you. SAT vs ACT: How Questions Test (or Don't Test) IQ At this point, it's worth noting that boththe ACT and SAT are designed to test a combination of IQ and learned information. You need IQ because both tests have difficult questions that require innate intelligence. You also need learned information because you can't do well on either test without having memorized specific concepts, such as math formulas and grammar rules. So what are some differences between the ACT and SAT? And how do these differences affect their manner of testing IQ? SAT Questions In the past, the SAT relied more on "tricks" for difficult questions. However, since the test's 2016 redesign, it's a lot more similar to the ACT - and thus less tricky. In other words, you should be able to do reasonably well on the SAT as long as you know when and how to utilize thelearned information taught to you in school. Here's an example of an SAT Math questionthat requires outside information to solve it: As you can see, there are no tricks or ambiguous words here; the question is clear and easy to understand. But you can't answer it without knowing the rules of angles- concepts you should have learned in geometry class. According to these rules, when a set of parallel lines intersects another set of parallel lines, some angles will equal the same values, and others will add up to a sum of 180 degrees.Knowing this outside information allows you to answer the question both quickly and correctly. While you can try to use onlygiven informationto solve this problem, it won't be as effective as using learned information. For example, you could venture to guess the measure of ∠ 2 by looking at the diagram alone; however, this isn't a particularly good strategy since math diagrams aren't always drawn to scale. ACT Questions Like the redesigned SAT, the ACT is often made easier if you know some outside information (i.e., learned information). For example, a question on the ACT Science section might look like this: [Experiment Data Here] Suppose the scientists collect an elemental liquid from the cooling coil into a beaker. Based on the experiment data, which elemental liquid is it most likely to be? A) WaterB) BromineC) NeonD) IodineE) Mercury With these questions, you can always find the right answers by carefully reading and analyzing the experiment data (not included in the above example). However, by using a little bit of learned information, you'll be able to answer this question in even less time. If you remember chemistry class well enough, you can immediately eliminate three answer choices - water, iodine, and neon - as these are not elemental liquids that can usually be collected in a beaker. So Is the ACT or SAT More Related to IQ? You might have been coming to the right conclusion yourself as you read this. But in case there's any doubt, the answer is this: both the SAT and ACT give a nearly identical amount of credit to learned information. As we saw above, both the SAT and ACT have similar questions for which you can (or must) use learned information in order to solve.As a result,neither test appears to test IQ more than the other does. However, this isn't the same conclusion we'd get if we were to instead look at the pre-2016 SAT. Unlike the new SAT, this version of the test had more tricks and puzzles, meaning it tested given information more often than the ACT did. Thus, we can say that the old SAT was clearly more of an IQ-based test than the ACT (and new SAT) is. In fact, a rigorous peer-reviewed study performed byFrey and Detterman came to this conclusion, too. This study took a large number of students and looked at their real IQs, old SAT scores, and ACT scores. Both the ACT and old SAT were highly correlated with IQ, but the SAT took first place by a good margin (88% versus 77%). What Does This Mean for Test Takers? In the end, it doesn't really matter whether you take the SAT or ACT. Both tests structure their questions similarly, and both offer questions you can answer more quickly or more efficiently using learned information. Neither test is particularly geared toward those who areclassically "higher in IQ" or "better in class than on test" types. That said, there are other reasons you might want to consider taking one test over the other, such as test date options or how strong you are in science.So before you register for the SAT or ACT, be sure to figure out which test is right for you. You might even end up taking both! What's Next? How are the SAT and ACT similar to each other? How are they different? Read our detailed breakdown of the two tests to learn exactly what makes them unique. Will you do better on the SAT or ACT? Our guide goes over the steps you must take to figure out which test better suits your strengths. Want to know how an SAT score translates to an ACT score and vice versa? Input your scores in our conversion charts to see! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Firewood Oven to the Microwave Oven

Firewood Oven to the Microwave Oven Free Online Research Papers The firewood oven has features that can’t be spoken in technical words, once there’s an entire original contest of its existence. The idea of fire refers to the ancient idea of a meeting, protection, feeding or heat. The firewod oven helps us to symbolize the houses’ interior with an image of a family meeting, preparing food and keeping thmeselves warm. Besides, ot ´s a very economic device.That ´s how the tecnologic evolution of a household instrument, which is quite necessary nowadays, starts. GAS OVEN That’s the second step in this device evolution. It was created by Zachaus Winsler in 1802. Could you imagine our modern life without it? In the old times, preparing meals demanded much more dedication, it used to take more time and so on. Everything had to be made in the firewood oven. Besides, people had to create, there weren’t recipe mags or TV shows, or internet. The gas is oven is very practical, yet very risky. Domestic gas is poisonous, it can kill anyone. If you smell gas when you get home, don’t turn on the lights. The enrgy of the lamp can start an explosion, and it could smite the whole neighborhood. THE ELECTRIC OVEN Although not may people know it, or use it, the electric oven is part of the evolution of food preparation. It’s a french invention, created in 1892 by Moisson. In Brazil, it ´s not very common, despite of being an economic option. In other countries, though, it is as utilized as the TV set. It’s a portable and weightless device, and less dangerous than the gas oven. Beware of water, though. We all know that waer and lctruicity causes eletruction. THE MICROWAVE That’s the latest invention for our food prepare! Microwaves were discovered by Percy Spencer, who worked in an eletrons creations company. Once he was working and observed that the chocolate bar he had in his pocket had melted. Percy was no strange to new ideas and inventions, and it was not hard for him to understand the action of the microwaves in that candy. The first thing to be intentionally prepared in microwaves was popcorn, and then an egg, that exploded in a tester’s face. In 1946, the company Percy worked at, Raytheon, patented the microwave cooking proccess and in 1947 they built the first commercial microwave oven, the Radarange. It was one meter-eighty high and weighted three hundred kilos. It was water-freshened and produced three thousand watts, about three times more radiation than the modern ones. Research Papers on Firewood Oven to the Microwave OvenMind TravelGenetic EngineeringThe Spring and AutumnMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductLifes What IfsAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Ethnic Cleansing in Sophie essays

Ethnic Cleansing in Sophie essays Sophies Choice is a story about a young writer, Stingo, who moves to New York into a boarding house. One night he hears yelling outside of his room, and when he opens his door he finds an enraged man, Nathan, screaming at a woman, Sophie, who was crying. Sophie defended Nathan when talking with Stingo. Sophie was from Poland and Nathan was Jewish. The three adults became friends and inseparable. Throughout the film, anything could set Nathan off to verbally abuse Sophie, but Stingo just could not understand why she loved Nathan if he treated her this way. Nathan and Sophie had an argument one night and the next morning packed up and left with all of their stuff. Stingo went crazy trying to look for them. While at the boarding house, Stingo got a call from Nathan, which was when Sophie walked in. Sophie told Stingo that Nathan had a gun and thought he would use it. Nathan called and threatened them and shot the gun in the phone for them to hear. Sophie and Stingo left to get away. Stingo told Sophie that he loved her, and wanted to marry her and move down south with him to southern Virginia. Sophie said she was not sure, and told him something she had never told anyone before. She said that one the day she and her two children went to Auschwitz, they were standing in line and told an officer that she and her children were Catholics from Poland and were not communist. The officer said she could choose one child since she was Polish. She chose her daughter who she was holding. That choice had been haunting her for all of those years. So when Stingo asked her to marry him and have his babies, she said she was not a fit mother for making that decision. She could never forgive herself. When Stingo woke up the next morning, Sophie left a note for him to read on her pillow. She said that she must be with Nathan for whatever that means. Stingo returned back to the boarding house to find that Nathan ...

Rodney Kings verdict and riots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rodney Kings verdict and riots - Essay Example Rodney’s situation resulted in a look into police cover-ups and brutality. The witness of the riot by the world was a clear protest of racial equality and resulted in the current situation of advancement in racial equality in many parts of the world. The situation and verdict opened the understanding of everyone as being important and of value rather than wasteful and require respect and justice (Rucker & Upton, 2007). This resulted in reduced issues of excessive force being used in the American policing which was real in the past. In the year 2008 documentary, it was evident that black parents had with their sons have been how to react when stopped by police. This type of conversation has become a national conversation that still exists in the United States. The key change in police system that has transpired includes police hires and community relationships with regard to police department concerning riots. Rodney King’s verdict and riot elevated discussions on juries ’ racial composition and trial locations. Despite not being the first time in considering such a discussion, the case resulted as a benchmark for best practices teaching for both jury selection and a police department. The aspect of racism also goes beyond just black and white conversation to multi-cultural communities, nationalities and economic challenges and tension. This aspect still remains a hindrance in the attainment of civil rights in many areas of administration and social setting within the American community currently.

The changing market environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The changing market environment - Essay Example The markets have transformed to international from local. With the increase in the exposure to masses and increased geographical market coverage, the need of quick and up to date information has also increased. With the changing business environment the buyers are also changing. With the increasing incomes the buyers have become more selective. For a company to launch its product in a new market it has become important to have the information from the buyer needs to buyer wants. On the other hand it is also important to have the knowledge of how to present the product in effective manner in order to reach the customer in an effective manner. With the changing business needs the new marketing techniques such as product differentiation, branding and advertising are also gaining immense importance. This paper is aimed at finding out the appropriate marketing communication strategy for Jalsberg cheese which is a famous branded cheese in American Market and ready to be marketed in new Eur opean market. Norseland Inc. was founded in 1978. The purpose of the company was to market and distribute Jarlsberg and other Norwegian cheese in United States. The Company is a 100% owned subsidiary of TINE Norwegian Diaries, which has the main responsibility for the production and marketing of Jarlsberg cheese. Introduction of Product: Jalsberg cheese has some snob appeal. Customers want to show they have 'good taste'. Without complaining they accept the higher price of Jalsberg compared to other competitive products. The mild and creamy taste appeals to Americans, and many think that the taste of the traditional Swiss cheese, Emmenthaie is too sharp Present market: Jalsberg cheese has a major supply share in the US cheese market. The characteristics of typical Jalsberg buyer are: Female Earning more than US$ 80,000 per year. Over 40 years Now the company is aiming to introduce its Cheese brand Jalsberg in the newly extended European market. In order to undertake successful brand positioning Norseland has to design a marketing communication strategy, which should be crafted according to the European market conditions and consumer behaviour. The successful product positioning and promotion is only possible if all the required information in this lieu is gathered and used in the right direction. In order to fulfil modern information needs, new information technologies have also been evolved. The information regarding the buyer preferences and behaviour plays an important part in helping the management to take important decisions regarding the product such as